How to Calculate Mean Squared Deviation in R

Mean Squared Deviation (MSD) often is synonymic with Mean Squared Error (MSE). MSD can be used to compare our estimated values and observed values in a model. For MSD, there are two possible situations, unbiased MSD and biased MSD. Both of them are correct. The following are the formulas of MSD. Method 1: Unbiased MSD … Read more

Python Correlation Real-World Examples

This tutorial shows how to apply correlation in real world. I will use the Peloton and covid example to illustrate this concept. In early 2021, a lot of consumers wanted to buy Peloton bikes but Peloton had difficulty meeting the demand. One year after in Jan. 2022 , Forbes instead reported that Peloton faced challenges … Read more

Difference between Scatter Plots and Line Charts in Python

This tutorial explains the difference between scatter plots and line charts in data visualization. I will use actual data and Python code to illustrate the nuanced difference between them. Data is pulled from Github. It includes keywords of Peloton and Covid as the search queries in Google Trends from early 2020 to early 2022. For … Read more